Awareness of different treatment options for missing teeth in patient visited at hamdard university dental hospital

The study was conducted to know the awareness, level of knowledge and attitude about teeth-re-placement options among patients who visited Hamdard University Dental Hospital for prosthodontic treatment. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to patients reported to Prosthodontics Department at Hamdard University Dental Hospital. Questions focused on the awareness to replace the missing teeth and the preferable methods of choice for replacement. Age limits of the participants ranged between 14-77 years. All the participants were partially edentulous excluding the third mo-lars. A total of 201 patients were examined, 114 were males and 87 females. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences [SPSS] version-16.Descriptive statistics i.e., frequencies were computed. Results of the present study showed that patient's awareness was 45% for fixed partial denture, 26% for acrylic removable partial denture, 17% for cast partial denture and only 4% for im-plants. The patients awareness for different treatment options for missing teeth was very low. So there is a need to increase the awareness about various dental prosthesis among patients need replacement for missing teeth. The oral health care providers have to play a vital role in this regard

Frequency of musculoskeletal discomfort among dentists in Karachi, Pakistan

The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency musculoskeletal pain and discomfort among the dental professionals. In this cross sectional study, the questionnaire based survey was done. A sample size comprised of 270 dental professionals who are working in different colleges, dental hospitals and private clinics of Karachi. This self-structured questionnaire was administered which consisted of 10 questions about pain in wrist, neck, back and shoulders that occur during dental procedures. The study showed that more than 90% of the dental practitioners are experiencing musculoskeletal pain and discomfort. Female dentists had a slightly higher frequency of pain and discomfort than the male dentists. Almost 42% of the dentists were suffering from backache, 23% had pain in neck and 14% had pain in wrist while 13% had shoulder pain. Back pain was the most common site followed by the neck. Dental professionals are most likely to have musculoskeletal pain and discomfort associated with their dental work due to lack of awareness regarding correct posture and lack of exercise

Comparison of timolol alone with fixed combination of latanoprost/ timolol to control intra-ocular pressure in primary open angle glaucoma

To evaluate the effectiveness of Timolol only and fixed combination Latanoprost- Timolol in lowering intraocular pressure in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Comparative Randomized Controlled trial This study was conducted at Institute of Ophthalmology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore over a period of one year from January 2012 to December 2012. Total 80 patients were selected by Non-Probability Purposive Sampling technique after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. After informed consent these patients were divided into two groups by random number table. Group-I consisted of 40 patients which were put on topical Timolol therapy one drop in each eye twice daily. Group-II consisting of 40 patients was put on topical fixed combination Latanoprost-Timolol therapy, one drop once daily in both eyes. On each follow-up visit all patients were assessed by monitoring intraocular pressure with Goldmann Applanation Tonometer. The follow up examinations were scheduled at one week, one month, and three months from the start of therapy. Later on, all patients were followed for at least 6 months and according to requirement they underwent modification in medication or surgical procedure. At the end of study, mean reduction of intraocular pressure from baseline in Group- I [using 0.5% Timolol twice daily] was 6.7 mm of Hg [27.57%] and the mean reduction of intraocular pressure in Group-II [using Fixed Combination Timolol-Latanoprost once daily] was 7.9 mm of Hg [32.24%]. The effectiveness i.e. reduction of intraocular pressure by 30% from baseline was noted among 32.5% patients in Group-I and 70% patients in Group-II. Latanoprost-Timolol fixed combination is well tolerated, convenient and an effective ocular hypotensive agent than Timolol alone in lowering IOP in primary open angle glaucoma

Management of Retroperitoneal haematoma

This study was conducted for the management of retroperitoneal haematomas. The main objectives of the study were to find out the frequency of different visceral injuries in cases of retroperitoneal haematoma due to trauma to abdomen and to find out the morbidity and mortality related to different zones in retroperitoneal haematoma in patients with abdominal trauma. Over one year, 45 patients of retroperitoneal injury were admitted through emergency. The entire Zone I abdominal injuries were explored. Selective Zone II patients underwent surgery while most of Zone III patients were managed conservatively. This shows that the depending upon the mode and Zone of the injuries, retroperitoneal haematomas can be managed conservatively

Role of Topical Glyceryl Trinitrate in the Management of Anal Fissure

1] To evaluate the effectiveness of topical 0.2% Glyceryl Trinitrate [GTN] ointment in symptomatic relief and healing of anal fissure. 2] To establish the role of GTN as a first line treatment for both acute and chronic anal fissure. 3] To elaborate the safety profile of GTN with respect to its side effects. Prospective, randomized case control study. Surgical unit II, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. 1 year from 1-2-2005 to 31-2-2006. Fifty patients of all ages and either sex with a clinical diagnosis of fissure in ano [both acute and chronic] were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group [Group-A] was advised 0.2% GTN ointment whereas the control group [Group-B] was prescribed a local anesthetic ointment [Lignocaine Compound [R] Knoll]. Both groups applied the given drugs twice daily for a period of 8 weeks and follow-up at the end of first, second and eighth week was carried out. A long-term follow-up at the end of 6 months was undertaken to look for any recurrence of the disease. 18 patients out of 50 patients presented with acute anal fissure while 32 presented with chronic anal fissure. 77% of patients with acute fissure in Group A showed fissure healing while 44% of patients with acute fissure were benefited in Group B. When the failures of group B were subjected to GTN, 80% of the patients showed healing of their fissures. 81% of patients suffering from chronic anal fissure were cured in Group A while 25% of patients showed improvement in Group B. Nonbenefited patients in group B when subjected to GTN, 66% showed fissure healing. Recurrence was seen in 8 patients in group A [24%] and 3 patients in group [38%] at long term follow-up. Anal fissure is a common general surgical problem associated with severe anal pain. Regarding conservative treatment, the advent of GTN is a healing hope for patients with anal fissure. It has revolutionized the non-surgical treatment, as it is effective, safe and economical in terms of cure of both acute and chronic anal fissures

Association of hypertension and diastolic dysfunction with type-2 diabetes mellitus

To evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and diastolic dysfunction [LVDD] with normal ejection fraction in type-2 diabetes mellitus. Two hundred twelve diabetic patients [98 females and 114 males] from January 2005 to June 2006 were enrolled in this study. Their ages ranged from 35 to 65 years with mean age of 55 years. Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type-2, Hypertension: BP[3]140/90 [with or without medication] Body Mass Index[3]30, Waist-Hip ratio>0.90. Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction [LVDD] and Serum Triglyceride and HDL Cholesterol were included. Result: Out of 212 patients, 104[49%] were found to be hypertensive [both systolic and diastolic] and 12 patients [5.6%] were found to be suffering from isolated systolic hypertension. Hence total number of hypertensive patients was 116 [54.6%]. Thirty two patients were found to be suffering from diastolic dysfunction. Hypertension and Diabetes are interlinked and show how micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes are increased when two conditions occur together. The LVDD is much more prevalent than previously suggested in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Hence LVDD is an early marker of diabetic cardiomyopathy

Prevalence of cleft lip and palate in cousin marriages

Birth defects are one of the leading causes of paediatric disability and mortality in developing as well as developed countries. The purpose of this study is to report our 3 months experience regarding the prevalence of cleft lip and palate in cousin marriages. A retrospective review of 50 patients who presented with cleft lip or cleft lip/palate during 3 months, from 9th March to 8th June, 2005 was carried out. Among the risk factors cousin marriages is a most frequent risk factor. Cleft lip is more common than cleft lip/palate and cleft lip alone is a different entity than cleft lip and palate combined

Metabolic syndrome in type-2 diabetes mellitus

To find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and its cardiovascular affects using the guide lines of WHO [World Health Organization] and NCEP [National Cholesterol Education Program]. Six hundred eighty patients were selected on a random sample basis from those suffering from Diabetes Mellitus Type-2 from January 2004 to May 2005, at the Ziauddin Medical University Hospital and Consultation Clinic. Six hundred eighty patients were screened and their mean age was 58 years with 374 [55%] being males and 306 [45%] being females. Their mean duration of Diabetes Mellitus was observed to be 13 years. Three hundred twelve [46%] were found to be of Metabolic Syndrome. Out of this 143 were found to have cardiovascular events. Early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Type-2 and Metabolic Syndrome present a major challenge for health care professional facing an epidemic of over-weight and sedentary life-style

Management of locally advance carcinoma breast [stage III]

The aim of this study was to see the prognosis of patients with locally advanced carcinoma breast after primary surgical intervention followed by adjuvant therapy and to evaluate possible complications. The study includes 50 patients; Most of them were postmenopausal with stage IIIA carcinoma breast with age ranging from 51-60 years. Modified radical mastectomy was the primary procedure followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Tamoxifen given to postmenopausal women. Patients were followed up for one year. Locoregional recurrence and distal metastases occurred mostly in stage IIIB patients and also that the prognosis of patients with LABC is poor due to late presentation, bigger size of tumour and axillary metastasis

Anemia in surgical patients

To find out prevalence of surgery related anemia in the patients routinely admitted in a general surgical ward. Prospective Cohort Study. Surgical Unit II, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. 100 studied patients included males and females of all age groups from 13 years to 70 years. They were assessed for the effect of surgery on the preoperative hemoglobin levels and causes of anemia in relation to socioeconomic status. Total of 100 patients were randomly selected for the study but after applying exclusion principles, 95 patients were left with mean age of 33 years, mean hemoglobin concentration of 8.66 in all and 8.79 after excluding the patients with massive blood losses post trauma/gunshot. Mean postoperative hemoglobin excluding trauma patients was 8.71. 52% of patients had anemia due to nutritional deficiency, of which 82% were females; followed by 31% related to chronic diseases and the rest due to acute blood loss. Anemia is still one the major co-morbidities in preoperative patients and we found that surgical procedures did not cause significant difference to hemoglobin levels postoperatively. Almost all the patients followed by chronic diseases. They are more prevalent in people from socioeconomically deprived groups of society

Repair of inguinal hernia as day care [ambularoty] vs inpatient [routine] surgery, study at Mayo Hospital, Lahore

This cross sectional, comparative study carried out in the Department of Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore over a period of one year. Study include 80 patients divided in two equal groups i.e., day care [ambulatory] and inpatient [routine]. To compare postoperative complication, economic benefits, routine daily activity and also to evaluate acceptance of day surgery in our set up. Those belonging to day surgery were worked up on OPD basis and in combination and procedures performed were herniotomy or herniorrhaphy. The final results were conclusive enough to show that day care hernia can be successfully performed in one set up and comparable results in terms of operative and postoperative complications can be obtained and are matchable to any hernia centre. Hospital stay and expenses of treatment on hospital resources are significantly reduced

Clinical study on the use of nozovent in a tertiary care setting

To assess the effectiveness of the Nozovent device in Pakistani subjects at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi and Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from 15 January 2001 to 15 January 2002. Sixty males and 40 females were selected by non probability purposive sampling, from OPD of ENT Department, complaining of nasal obstruction due to various reasons, e.g. vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, congestion during pregnancy and menstruation, common cold, traumatic nose and nasal valve problem. All patients benefited subjectively but the degree of relief varied in individuals. The Nozovent provides a unique method to relieve nasal obstruction with no side effects